Wednesday, November 8, 2023

GRAVITATIONAL WAVES BACKGROUND DUE TO COMPRESSIBILITY OF THE SPACETIME
Evgeny A Novikov
University of California - San Diego, BioCircuits Institute, LaJolla, CA 92093-0328,
E-mail: enovikov@ucsd.edu
Abstract
The recently observed gravitational wave background is explained in terms of the quantum modification of the general relativity.
Keywords
Gravitational wave background, quantum modification of the general relativity, compressibility of the spacetime.
Introduction
Recently detected gravitational waves background (GWB) [1] remains a mystery, despite several suggested sources of it [1]. In this letter, GWB is naturally explained by the quantum modification of the general relativity (Qmoger), initiated in Ref. [2]. The essence of Qmoger is that the spacetime is not only curved (Einstein), but also compressible, which leads to new dynamics of matter/energy production/absorption by the quantum vacuum [2]. This effect was also supported by simple consideration [3], indicating that presence of the quantum vacuum is hardly consisted with exact conservation of energy, which is for classical general relativity ( see, for example, textbook [4]) . Developments and applications of Qmoger are in good quantitative agreement with cosmic data, including the accelerated expansion of the universe and recently observed early galaxies, without fitting parameters [5-10].
GWB in Qmoger
It is reasonable to expect, that feeding the universe, connected in Qmoger with compressibility of the spacetime, should create gravitational waves, not unlike waves on a lake in a rainy day. Indeed, in Qmoger, in the weak-field limit, we have two types of plane gravitational waves (see equations (18) and (19) in [5]). One is classical waves, connected with spacetime curvature, with ω/kc=±1, where ω,k,c are frequency, wave number and speed of light correspondingly. Another type of waves, connected to spacetime compressibility, are unstable in the weak-field limit with imaginary ω. It seems natural, that this second type of waves in Qmoger creates the observed stochastic GWB permeating the universe.
Conclusion
Gravitational wave background is natural in the quantum modification of the general relativity and connected to compressibility of the spacetime. In future, it will be interesting to consider these special gravitational waves in a nonlinear approximation for a more detailed comparison with observations of GWB and other phenomena, which could be related to compressibility of the spacetime. Particularly, on the list are recently observed minute-duration optical flares in "Tasmanian devil"[11], as well as some UFO [12].
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave_background
[2] Novikov, E.A. (2006) Vacuum Response to Cosmic Stretching: Accelerated Universe and Prevention of Singularity. arXiv:nlin/0608050
of GWB and other phenomena, which could be related to compressibility of the spacetime, particularly, with recently observed minute-duration optical flares in "Tasmanian devil"[11]. [3] Novikov, E.A. (2007) Random Shooting of Entangled Particles in Vacuum. arXiv:0707.3299
[4] Landau, L.D. and Lifshitz, E.M. (1975) The Classical Theory of Fields. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
[5] Chefranov, S.G. and Novikov, E.A. (2010) Hydrodynamical Vacuum Sources of Dark Matter Self-Generation without Big Bang. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, 111, 731-743. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106377611011004X
[6] Novikov, E.A. (2016) Ultralight Gravitons with Tiny Electric Dipole Moment Are Seeping from the Vacuum. Modern Physics Letters A, 31, Article ID: 1650092. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217732316500929
[7] Novikov, E.A. (2016) Quantum Modification of General Relativity. Electronic Journal of Theoretical Physics, 13, 79-90.
[8] Novikov, E.A. (2018) Emergence of the Laws of Nature in the Developing Entangled Universe. American Research Journal of Physics, 4, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.21694/2380-5714.18001
[9] Novikov, E.A. (2019) Gravitational Angels. Bulletin of APS, 64, S01.00026.
[10] Novikov, E.A. (2023) Big Bang?, Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol.9 No.4

Friday, August 11, 2023

COSMOLOGY

Evgeny A Novikov (University of California- San Diego) "No BB and No CC - Gentle Feeding by QV!*" *(BB - Big Bang, CC - Cosmological Constant, QV - Quantum Vacuum.)

Saturday, June 17, 2023

BIG BANG?
Evgeny A Novikov
University of California - San Diego, BioCircuits institute, LaJolla, CA 92093-0328, E-mail: enovikov@ucsd.edu
Abstract
Based on quantum modification of the general relativity ( Qmoger) and on recent observations of early galaxies, it is argued that the universe was created not by a singular Big Bang, but by a continuous dynamical process of production of matter/energy from the quantum vacuum. Important applications of this theory are indicated.
Key words: Big Bang, quantum modification of general relativity, early galaxies.
1 Introduction
The 100-years old dominating theory tells that our universe was created about 13.8 billion years ago by a singular Big Bang (BB) [1]. But, the BB theory has many problems [1]. Additionally, recent observations [2] discovered several well developed galaxies with ages too close to the time of conjectural BB [2]. One possibility to resolve this conundrum is to develop a new theory of quick formation and development of galaxies. In this letter we consider another possibility that the BB assumption is wrong.
From the classical Einstein equation of general relativity (GR) [3] follows strict conservation of energy. So, according to this equation, the universe can not be created, it can only exist forever, which was initial opinion of Einstein. But, Freedman obtained dynamical solution of this equation with initial singularity [1]. In response to this, Einstein introduced cosmological constant (CC) to make stationary solution, but later declared CC as his greatest blunder, when observations indicated expansion of the universe. Nevertheless, later CC was used in combination with the assumption of singular BB miracle, which seems to save the situation with GR and observations. Note, that BB was initially coined by Hoyle as a joke, but later it was considered seriously.
2 Quantum modification of general relativity (Qmoger)
Physically spiking, singularity of solution indicates, that theory needs some correction. Also, quantum vacuum is hardly consistent with strict conservation of energy [4].. Additionally, CC in the BB theory is ridiculously small. To correct all that, the quantum modification of the general relativity (Qmoger) was initiated [5]. The development and applications of this theory [6-10] are in good quantitative agreement with cosmic data, including the accelerated expansion, without fitting parameters (see, particularly, Figure 1 in the Appendix [9]).
The essence of Qmoger is that the space-time is not only curved (Einstein), but also compressible with corresponding new dynamics of production/absorption of matter/energy from the quantum vacuum [5]. In Qmoger there is no singular BB, no CC and our universe is much older then in the BB theory. Mathematically, in Qmoger the universe was born infinite time ago. But physically, the age of the universe is about 327 billion years [8], when its size reached the Plank length l_{P}=ħ^{1/2}G^{1/2}c^{=3/2}≈1.6×10⁼³³cm, where ħ is the reduced Plank constant, G is the gravitational constant and c is the speed of light in a vacuum. The feeding of the universe by the quantum vacuum is very delicate and local energy conservation is emerging when locally there is sufficient energy, so that additional feeding can be neglected. But, in cosmic time-scales the feeding creates the universe.
Because of the feeding, the universe is the open (non-Hamiltonian) system. All laws are approximate and emerging along with the evolution of universe, with some sort of natural selection in a struggle with various instabilities. Initially, the (3+1)- dimensional space-time and ultralight gravitating (dark) matter was selected, as a stable system for the beginning, taking into account that the [1 (or 2)+1] -dimensional universes are collapsing [11].Then came quantum interaction ( entangled condensate) for additional stability. When the quantum condensate becomes gravitationally unstable (t_{cr}~ 187.5 billion ears ago) [9], the ordinary matter (photons, neutrinos and more heavy particles) where selected as an energy relieve from hot spots. In a sense, ordinary matter and we, the people, are a side effect of evolution of the dark universe in a struggle with gravitational instability. The quantum interaction of ordinary matter, apparently, was inherited from the background condensate. From the human point of view, the greatest achievement of the universe (so far) is the subjectivity (qualia), as an interface between quantum (dark) background and ordinary matter in our brain [12, 9].
3 Conclusion
According to Qmoger [9], indicated above t_{cr} marks start of forming embryonic stars and galaxies. So, galaxies had plenty of time to fully develop in agreement with observations [2]. We can expect observation of even more earlier galaxies.
The described paradigm has broad spectrum of applications from obvious (cosmology, quantum field theory, energy resources) to less obvious (health [12, 9], new forms of communications, weapons). Some developed civilizations in the universe may already master this paradigm (with various applications) and so should we.
References
[1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang
[2]https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/webb-reveals-early-universe-prequel-to-huge-galaxy-cluster
[3] L. D Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, The classical theory of fields, Pergamon Press (1975).
[4] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Random shooting of entangled particles in vacuum", arXiv:0707.3299 (2007).
[5] E. A. Novikov "Vacuum response to cosmic stretching: accelerated universe and prevention of singularity", arXiv:nlin/06080050.
[6] S. G.Chefranov & E. A. Novikov, Hydrodynamical vacuum sources of dark matter self-generation without Big Bang, J. Exper. Theor. Phys., v.111(5) 731-743 (2010); arXiv:1012.0241 v 1 [gr-qc].
[7] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Ultralight gravitons with tiny electric dipole moment are seeping from the vacuum", Modern Physics Letters A, v. 31, No. 15 (2016) 1650092 (5 pages).
[8] Evgeny A, Novikov, "Quantum modification of general relativity", Electron. J. Theoretical Physics, v. 13, No. 13 (2016) 79-90.
[9] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Emergence of the laws of nature in the developing entangled universe", American.Research J. of Physics, v.4(1), (2018), 1-9 (Appendix).
[10] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Gravitational angels", Bulletin of APS, v. 64 (3), S01.00026 (2019).
[11] E. A. Novikov, Nonlinear evolution of disturbances in (1+1)-dimensional universe, Zh. Exper. Teor. Fiz. 57, 938 (1969) [Sov. Phys. JETP. 30 (3), 512 (1970)]; arXiv:1001,3709 [physics.gen-ph].
[12] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Gravicommunication, subjectivity and quantum entanglement", NeuroQuantology, December 2016, v. 14(4), 677-682.

Saturday, March 21, 2020

GRAVITANGELS AND CORONAVIRUS
Evgeny A Novikov
03/20/2020
Abstract
Coronavirus is discussed by gravitangels [1].
-:-:-
-Have you heard what happens on planet Earth in Solar System?
-Yes, sort of epidemic.
-Coronavirus. I think GG [1] did not stop the epidemic because of bad behavior of people on Earth.
-Namely?
-They put GG in a foolish light.
-How?
-They are saying that GG created the Universe in a singular Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago.
-They are mad!
-Exactly. We know how GG patiently and accurately produced gravitons during hundreds billions of years and still doing this.
-Of course. So, what will happens with people?
-Hope, they will came to their minds. There are some reasonable people on Earth.
-But, how to stop the epidemic?
-Well, principally with the same gravitons, which have electric dipole moment, the virus can be mutated, neutralized and a vaccine can be made.
-Sounds a little complicated.
-For GG it is easy. People can get it done themselves, is they adopt the right theory.
-Perhaps, we can help.
-It is kind of forbidden. But...
References
[1] Evgeny A Novikov, Gravitational angels, Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Volume 64, Number 3, Session S01: Abstract: S01.00026. April 13--16, 2019; Denver, Colorado

Sunday, November 4, 2018

Published in Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Volume 64, Number 3, Session S01: Abstract: S01.00026. April 13--16, 2019; Denver, Colorado
GRAVITATIONAL ANGELS
Evgeny A. Novikov
University of California - San Diego, BioCircuits Institute, La Jolla, CA 92093 -0328; E-mail: enovikov@ucsd.edu
Abstract
Based on the quantum modification of general relativity (Qmoger), gravitational angel (gravitangel) is introduced as a cloud of the background gravitons hovering over the ordinary matter (OM). According to Qmoger, the background gravitons are ultralight and they form the quantum condensate even for high temperature. The quantum entanglement of OM particles is explained in terms of splitting gravitangels. A hierarchy of gravitangels of different scale is considered. One of the simplest gravitangel is hovering over neutrino, which explains the neutrino oscillations. A more large-scale gravitangels are hovering over the neuron clusters in the brain, which explains the subjective experiences (qualia). The global gravitangel (GG) is connected to all processes happening with OM in the universe. GG can be considered as a gigantic quantum supercomputer.
The quantum modification of general relativity (Qmoger) is supported by cosmic data (including the acceleration) without fitting (see recent papers [1-3] and references there). In Qmoger we have background ultralight gravitons, which form the quantum condensate (QC) even for high temperature [1-3]. According to Qmoger, the ordinary matter particles (OM: photons, neutrino and more heavy particles) are created from QC in hot spots during formation of galaxies. In this letter we describe interaction between QC and OM in terms of gravitational angels (gravitangels). At this stage, the description is qualitative. It is a challenge to obtain corresponding solutions of the Qmoger equations.
Gravitangels consist of the ultralight gravitons, which have tiny electric dipole moment and form the background QC [1-4]. Gravitangels are hovering over the ordinary matter (OM). When a collection of OM particles splits, say, in n parts, then gravitangels also split in n parts, but remain connected in the QC. When a measurement is made in one of the OM parts, an interface forms between gravitons and OM. From that interface signals (possibly superluminal) are send to all other n-1 gravitangels. This explains the phenomena of quantum entanglement of ordinary matter[3,4].
Particularly, a gravitangel is hovering over the neutrino, which explains the neutrino oscillations [3]. For more heavy OM particles, oscillations may also exist, but, apparently, they are much smaller and, so far, have not been recorded. The role of gravitangels for such OM particles is to produce their quantum behavior (compare with the stochastic description in Ref. [5]).
A more large-scale gravitangels are hovering over the neuron clusters in the brain, which explains the subjective experiences (qualia) [4, 3]. Even more large-scale gravitangels may surround a person or a group of persons, which can explain some social phenomena.
There is a hierarchy of gravitangels of different scales. Gravitangels are hovering over the planet Earth, over the Solar System and over the Milky Way galaxy.
The whole background QC of gravitons is a global gravitangel (GG) hovering over all OM in the universe. This GG can be considered as a gigantic quantum supercomputer, which oversees all processes happening with OM in the universe.
References
[1] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Ultralight gravitons with tiny electric dipole moment are seeping from the vacuum", Modern Physics Letters A, v. 31, No. 15 (2016) 1650092 (5 pages).
[2] Evgeny A, Novikov, "Quantum modification of general relativity", Electron. J. Theoretical Physics, v. 13, No. 13 (2016) 79-90.
[3] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Emergence of the laws of nature in the developing entangled universe", American.Research J. of Physics, v.4(1), (2018), 1-9.
[4] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Gravicommunication, subjectivity and quantum entanglement", NeuroQuantology, December 2016, v. 14(4), 677-682.
[5] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Random shooting of entangled particles in vacuum", arXiv:0707.3299 (2007).

Thursday, September 27, 2018

GRANGELS
Evgeny A. Novikov
University of California - San Diego, BioCircuits Institute, La Jolla, CA 92093 -0328; E-mail: enovikov@ucsd.edu
Abstract
Based on the quantum modification of the general relativity (Qmoger), gravitational angels (grangels) are introduced as areas of the background graviton condensate surrounding the interfaces between gravitons and the ordinary matter. The quantum entanglement is interpreted as interaction between splitting grangels. Our subjective experiences (qualia) are described in terms of grangels surrounding neuron clusters. A hierarchy of grangels is considered, including cosmological grangels
References
[1] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Ultralight gravitons with tiny electric dipole moment are seeping from the vacuum", Modern Physics Letters A, v. 31, No. 15 (2016) 1650092 (5 pages).
[2] Evgeny A, Novikov, "Quantum modification of general relativity", Electron. J. Theoretical Physics, v. 13, No. 13 (2016) 79-90.
[3] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Gravicommunication, subjectivity and quantum entanglement", NeuroQuantology, December 2016, v. 14(4), 677-682.
[4] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Emergence of the laws of nature in the developing entangled universe", American.Research J. of Physics, v.4(1), (2018), 1-9.

Sunday, February 11, 2018

A CONVERSATION WITH THE VACUUM
Evgeny A. Novikov
University of California - San Diego, BioCircuits Institute, La Jolla, CA 92093 -0328; E-mail: enovikov@ucsd.edu
Abstract
The creation of the universe is described in a form of conversation.
- The Great Vacuum, please, tell me how did you created the universe?
- You have described it in your papers [1 - 3].
- Yes, but I wont to know Your version.
- Well, first I got a feeling that I need to create something.
- So, you have feelings!
- Sort of. Like instability, you know, what I mean.
- OK, what happened next?
- Then, I invented the gravity in the (3+1) dimensional space-time, so the universe will not disperse.
- Why (3+1) dimensional?
- I tried (1+1) and (2+1), it did not work - universes collapsed.
- I understand. Observations show that the universe still has difficulties in local low-dimensional situations.
- Yes. I produced gravitons in (3+1) dimensional space-time. For a while, it worked well. But, still, it was not very stable.
- So, what was next?
- I have invented the quantum entanglement for stability.
- OK. But, gravitational instability still created the hot spots in galaxies.
- Correct. So, I invented your ordinary matter (photons, neutrinos and more heavy particles) to relief energy from the hot spots.
- So, the creation of people is a side effect of Your efforts to make the universe more stable?
- In a sense, yes. But, I have made a special effort to create your subjective experiences - qualia.
- Why You did that?
- To make possible such conversation.
- Thank You very much!
- You welcome!
References with free access
[1] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Ultralight gravitons with tiny electric dipole moment are seeping from the vacuum", Modern Physics Letters A, v. 31, No. 15 (2016) 1650092 (5 pages).
[2] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Quantum modification of general relativity", Electron. J. Theoretical Physics, v. 13, No. 13 (2016) 79-90.
[3] Evgeny A. Novikov, "Emergence of the laws of nature in the developing entangled universe", Amer. Res. J. Physics, v.4, No. 1 (2018), 1-9.